Pizza, supreme, thick base, fast food chain-style

Commercially produced thick pizza dough typically topped with tomato-based sauce, cheese, ground beef, mushrooms, onion, capsicum, pepperoni, pineapple and ham/bacon. Purchased ready to eat from fast food outlets.

The majority of nutrients including proximates, fatty acids, vitamins and tryptophan were derived from a composite of 10 purchases of ready-to-eat pizza (4x Dominoes, 5x Pizza Hut, 1x local takeaway; includes 5x supreme, 2x ham and pineapple, 2x meat lovers, 1x unspecified; majority on thick base) purchased nationally in each state and territory capital city and 2 regional centres in NSW and QLD (2006 - KFP). Minerals were determined in the 10 individual purchases from the same program. Biotin, Cl and F were determined in a composite of at least 8 pizzas from 4 chain fast food outlets in Sydney (1993/94 - NFA). Cr, I, Mo, Ni and Se were determined in a composite of 18 purchases of meat and vegetable pizza, 6 each from TAS, QLD and VIC, purchased ready to eat from take away outlets (2004 - 22nd ATDS). As, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined in 3 composites from 9 purchases of supreme pizzas purchased hot from take away outlets in each state (1996 - ANZFA).